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all the Indians died, or then intermarried with Portuguese and mesticos. The same can be said of the Sai mission (near Vila Nova), of which we found almost no trace. The largest and most unfriendly tribe is the Chacriabas, which lives in the jungles, between the springs of the Gurgueia River and the Rio Grande, a confluent of the Sao Francisco River, and who often become dangerous to the neighboring settlers and for troops traveling from Vila Pilao Arcado beyond the border station, Duro, to the province of Goias.

Valley of the Rio Sao Francisco

Monte Santo

In Monte Santo, we were struck by the formation of the countenance of many inhabitants who, by the width of their faces, the small oblique eyes, and the long flowing hair, indicate their indigenous origin; however, these mesticos date back to a time when the aforementioned tribal names were not known. All the indigenous inhabitants of the interior were differentiated by the name of Tapuias, the most numerous being the Tupiniquins, which comprised several small tribes, and probably related to the outsiders.

Bahia, Pernambuco, Piaui. Ceara, Maranhao

They were in the backwoods of the province of Bahia, as well as that of neighboring Pernambuco, which formed its current population differently from the provinces of Minas and Sao Paulo. The settlers entered here, simply for the sake of freedom, slowly coming from the coast, and their enterprises were all isolated initiatives, so that their mingling with the then scattered Indians was obviously prudent. The newcomers met less opposition from the indians, because the rush of the Paulistas and the Mineiros, who hunted Indians to enslave them, had spread fear and terror, making them desirous of peace.

Quite different was what happened in Minas and Sao Paulo, where the incursions of Europeans against the Indians were more numerous, were only made by large troops, and the colonies, created in the gold-rich places, needed to be defended by armed forces. As a consequence of this state of hostility, the Mineiro boasts of his purely European origin. Just as the interior of Bahia also formed the population of Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte and Ceara, which is why the number of people of color is so large here. In the more northern provinces, Maranhao and Para, the same facts were repeated; On the other hand, there are the whites mixed with the Indians, who outnumber them. (Note IV).

At Fazenda Anastacio, where we rested, on returning from the excursion to the cliff of the inscriptions, a baby goat was killed in Pluto, which we, his hungry worshippers, exchanged for a beautiful gift and put to good use for dinner. With the brightness of the stars we returned to our camp near the metal block, and bedded down, in the evening,

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